Orofacial Harmonization versus Facial Deformities: A Literature Review 3 of 6
trauma and other injuries, accounting for 40% of all facial traumas. In light of this, the
scenario of craniofacial anomalies is diverse, and individuals with such deformities expe-
rience skeletal sequelae, chromosomal abnormalities, and significant psychosocial im-
pacts that require societal attention. Conditions such as Pierre-Robin Sequence, Treacher
Collins Syndrome, Apert Syndrome, Crouzon Syndrome, Down Syndrome, and Stickler
Syndrome have repercussions on facial structure, such as zygomatic bone hypoplasia and
micrognathia, often associated with cleft lip and palate. Consequently, orofacial deform-
ities like cleft lip and palate are the most common within the craniofacial malformation
group, accounting for approximately 65% of all head and neck anomalies, affecting the
upper lip, nasal cavity floor, hard palate, and other facial regions. Individuals with some
degree of morphofunctional alteration of the orofacial components, even after surgical
corrections that enable the initiation of anatomical reconstruction of the affected base
structures, may still present residual deformities from surgical scar contraction and seek
alternatives to improve or fully correct the anatomical discontinuity [2].
Patients with cleft lip and palate undergo various phases in their aesthetic and func-
tional rehabilitation process, starting with the first surgical phase involving cheiloplasty
and palatoplasty, followed by the second surgical phase involving bone grafts for alveolar
arch continuity reconstruction, secondary lip and nose corrections, orthognathic surgery,
and closure of oronasal fistulas. In this context, orofacial harmonization serves as a com-
plementary means to improve lip defect correction and scar contraction.
Orofacial harmonization offers versatility for filling the lips and perioral region, con-
tributing to the complementary aesthetic rehabilitation of individuals with facial deform-
ities. Historically, orofacial harmonization emerged in the early 2000s, with the use of
botulinum toxin in dentistry for cases like gummy smiles and bruxism. The advent of
hyaluronic acid fillers further expanded procedural possibilities beyond surgical correc-
tion, offering less invasiveness and lower morbidity for patients [3]. The most commonly
used orofacial harmonization tools in the context of facial deformities are hyaluronic acid
and botulinum toxin (Botox). Hyaluronic acid stimulates collagen production, helps re-
duce wrinkles, and achieves facial rejuvenation, providing greater symmetry, immediate
results, and less invasiveness [4].
Botulinum toxin, commonly known as Botox, blocks the release of acetylcholine.
This protein is used to paralyze muscle fibers, reducing static and dynamic wrinkles. Dy-
namic wrinkles result from facial movements and muscle contractions, while static wrin-
kles are finer and related to the natural aging process. In the case of facial deformities,
these procedures help with aesthetic and functional corrections, providing more support,
stability, and prevention of tissue damage. Hyaluronic acid can improve the appearance
of scars by increasing volume, elasticity, and flexibility in scar tissue, for example, in cleft
patients. It addresses details not achieved in surgeries, offering quick application and ac-
cessible cost, enhancing self-esteem and social interaction [5].
This study comprised a literature review on orofacial harmonization tools for cor-
recting oral, perioral, and facial deformities, gaining necessary knowledge about the effi-
cacy of botulinum toxin and hyaluronic acid in such deformities. This work aimed to
analyze the impact of orofacial harmonization as a complementary means in correcting
dentofacial deformities of different etiologies. Knowing that orofacial harmonization can
bring satisfactory aesthetic-functional results in patients with some type of facial deform-
ity through its applications, such as botulinum toxin and hyaluronic acid, it was also ob-
served that the proposed treatment by orofacial harmonization, against facial deformities,
is considered minimally invasive and allows for short treatment times, providing another
complementary treatment option for facial deformities. Based on data analysis, it was
found that due to its properties and predictable results, the use of dermal fillers has become
recurrent as a means of treating facial deformities. The literature has seen an increase in
studies aiming to enhance the durability of hyaluronic acid fillers [6].
In this realm, hyaluronic acid promotes lifting and projection of the midface, as well
as projection and volumization of the lower face, contributing to defect correction in the
region. A good facial projection, with balanced facial thirds, provides individuals with a
sense of psychosocial well-being in line with contemporary beauty standards [7]. The