Burning Mouth Syndrome: How Should the Clinician Interpret?

Abstract

The Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS), a complex condition characterized by chronic pain or a burning sensation in the oral cavity without evidence of lesions or detectable changes in clinical and laboratory examinations. Highlighting its higher prevalence in women, especially in the age group of 50 to 70 years, the text explores the possible etiologies of BMS, including neuropathies, endocrine dysfunctions, psychological factors, among others. Through a literature review, the classifications of BMS are discussed, ranging from progressive daily pain to intermittent pain, in addition to the importance of distinguishing between primary and secondary BMS for effective treatment. The management of BMS requires a multidisciplinary approach, with treatments that range from pharmacological therapies to alternative methods such as acupuncture. The article also emphasizes the need for a detailed clinical assessment to identify underlying causes and propose appropriate therapy, considering local, systemic, nutritional, hormonal, and psychological factors. It concludes that BMS represents a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, requiring comprehensive investigation and interdisciplinary collaboration to alleviate symptoms and improve the quality of life of patients.